Niacinamide Helps prevent blemishes and freckles from appearing on the surface of the skin by blocking the transfer of melanin from the pigment-forming melanocytes.   Arbutin Prevents the production of pigments by inhibiting the expression of tyrosinase - a precursor of melanin pigment.   Ferulic Acid Protects the skin from active oxygen that stimulates melanocytes while suppressing the production of melanin pigments.